Mid Theme Visit - Country Links: Yemen and Oman

 

Mid-Theme Visit: Country Links

Yemen and Oman

Hello, and I hope you find this article intriguing. This time we will visit an area history CAM has not yet touched on – Arabia. Now, Arabia’s interior has been left largely untouched by empires, whether it be due to the arid landscape empty of valuable natural resources or the hostile nomadic locals. But the seaward facing lands, particularly those on the south and east coast by the Persian Gulf are beneficial for reasons such as trade, as ancient Middle Eastern empires such as the Persians in the 6th to 4th centuries BCE.

The south coast today will be of particular interest, as the random country generator used gave Yemen and Oman to work with. With these countries bordering each other, there was bound to be a link. This link even takes us less than half a century ago, with the recurring theme of communism rearing its head again, though not as prominently as before, as discussed in my past Country Links articles, such as the United Kingdom and Vietnam and Ireland and Russia, which are available to view on my blog.

Continuing with Yemen and Oman for now though, some context first. Yemen was conquered by the Ottomans in 1517, who had been advancing southeast for some time, under Sultan Selim I, grandson of Mehmed II, conqueror of Constantinople in 1453. The Ottomans maintained control of Yemen for over 4 centuries, but this was lessened massively after the end of the First World War in 1918. This was because with the promise of Russian land and wealth, the Ottomans, in 1914, under Mehmed V, fought alongside Germany, but lost due to strategic failures.

Due to this, the Ottomans could not maintain control of their territories, including Yemen. In 1918, North Yemen had the power to leave the empire, unlike the south. However, the Ottomans would lose South Yemen any way just a couple of year later in 1920, due to Britain taking it, as mandated through the Sevres Treaty. In this treaty, the Ottomans had to submit vast territories to victorious European powers.

After gaining control of South Yemen, Britain delegated the governance of it to the British Raj in India, founded in 1858 by the British Empire after centuries of trading and conquest. In 1937 though, South Yemen was granted the status of being its own separate colony, still owned by Britain. This would end 3 decades later as in 1967, serious threats of terrorism rose in the region, prompting Britain to abandon the area.

Fighting Side-by-side

Now that we have caught up to the speed with Yemen’s background, time to explore Oman, the history of which in this case does not go as far back. In 1962, a rebellion against the monarchy under Sultan Sa’id bin Tuimar started, adopting a Marxist style, pretty much indifferent to the style of communist states, just not as big. This was due largely to Tuimar being perceived to pay no attention to Oman’s struggles despite being watched over by the British. The centre of the unrest was in Dhofar, the biggest and most powerful of Oman’s 11 regions, and on South Yemen’s border.

With tensions and frustrations having reached a tipping point, the Dhofar rebellion kicked off with the founding of the Dhofar Liberation Front by Musallam bin Nufi, leader of a tribe. After over a decade, in 1974, another faction had developed, called the People’s Front for the Liberation of Oman. This is where the link comes in as supporting this group was South Yemen. Credited largely with the unity between the Arabian countries was considered to be patriotism due to wanting the presence of the UK in the region to be over, having been powerful for over 3 and a half centuries.

Although stoppage of UK influences failed, with heavy military assaults causing an end in 1976, it is important to remember here that the link between Yemen and Oman is political as South Yemen aided Oman in their fight to quash British presence.

For an interesting relevant fact, North and South Yemen did unite in 1990 for what was considered to be joint financial and governmental benefits through oil, electricity and pleasing the public.

 


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